According to different classification standards, different classifications can be performed from different angles.Today, LTG Goldrock to share with you how the foreign exchange is classified ~
1. Divide differently according to the duration of the delivery period
According to the differences in the delivery period, foreign exchange can be divided into two types of foreign exchange and long -term foreign exchange.
Foreign exchange or foreign exchange spot also refers to the foreign exchange receipt of international trade or foreign exchange trading. It is a foreign exchange that is delivered immediately after trading.Forex.Delivery refers to the buying and seller's money.Foreign exchange delivery means that the parties to the two parties pay the local currency and one party pays foreign currency delivery.
Long -term foreign exchange is also known as futures or long -term exchange.In international trade and foreign exchange trading, both parties to the transaction shall first establish a sales contract, stipulate the number, exchange rate, and term of foreign exchange trading.Long -term foreign exchange refers to foreign exchange that two parties to be traded in accordance with the agreed date of the contract.The deadline for long -term foreign exchange is generally 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, or 1 year, and may be longer.
2. Divide different sources and uses.
According to different sources and uses, foreign exchange can be divided into two types: trade foreign exchange and non -trade foreign exchange.
Trade foreign exchange refers to foreign exchange expenditure or income due to the import and export of business.Trade foreign exchange includes foreign exchange or income for foreign exchange in foreign trade due to the collection and payment of trade payment, transaction commission, transportation costs and insurance premiums.Trade foreign exchange is an important project of a foreign exchange and expenditure of a country, and occupies an extremely important position in the balance of income and expenditure.
Non -trade foreign exchange refers to foreign exchange or expenditure that has income or expenditure due to non -trade business, including overseas Chinese exchange, tourism foreign exchange, labor services, private foreign exchange, foreign agencies in foreign exchange, and transportation, civil aviation, post and telecommunications, railways, banks, insurance, ports and other departments.Foreign exchange for business revenue and expenditure.With the development of economic internationalization, non -trade foreign exchange income also accounts for a large proportion of foreign exchange income in some countries.
3. Divide in the perspective of international payment according to different degrees of restrictions and from the perspective of international payment
According to different degrees of restrictions and from the perspective of international payment, foreign exchange can be divided into free exchange of foreign exchange, limited free exchanges foreign exchange, and foreign exchange.
Freedom exchange of foreign exchange refers to the approval of the authorities of foreign exchange management. It can not only be free to buy and sell in the international financial market, and can be widely used in international payment. It can also be exchanged for foreign exchange of other currencies without restrictions.According to the provisions of the International Monetary Fund, a currency is called free exchanges of currency and must have three conditions: ① Payment of regular projects in international income and expenditure
There is no restrictions on the transfer of funds; ② not discriminatory monetary policy or multiple currency exchange rates; ③ Under the requirements of other countries, the country will be obliged to buy back the local currency deposited in the regular accounts of the other party.At present, the widely used foreign exchange is USD, pound, Swiss franc, euro, yen, Canadian dollar, and these currencies representing credit tools and securities.Free foreign exchange is widely used in international economic activities and accumulated as a country's foreign exchange reserves to prepare for payment.
Limited free exchange foreign exchange refers to foreign exchange that cannot be freely converted into other currencies or paid to third countries.According to the International Monetary Fund Organization Agreement, currencies, which have certain restrictions on the payment and capital transfer of international regular intercharge, are restricted to free exchange currency.It can be divided into two cases.① Under certain conditions can be freely exchanged for foreign exchange.② Regional can be freely exchanged for foreign exchange.
Bookmark foreign exchange refers to the two countries with a clearing agreement or a member of the currency group with a multilateral liquidation agreement due to the trade and export trade.The foreign exchange used by the central bank account was arranged.Calculation foreign exchange is a foreign exchange that records on the designated bank account between the two parties. It cannot be exchanged for other currencies or pays for third countries. Therefore, it is also called liquidation foreign exchange and bilateral foreign exchange.
4. Division according to the holders of the holder
According to the differences between holders, foreign exchange can be divided into two types: official foreign exchange and private foreign exchange.
Official foreign exchange refers to foreign exchange held by the state financial department, central bank or other government agencies and international organizations.The official foreign exchange held by the governments of various countries is mainly used to support the local currency exchange rate, balance international revenue and expenditure, and pay for external due debts, which is the main part of the country's international reserve.The foreign exchange held by international organizations is used for loans to members.
Private foreign exchange refers to foreign exchange held by residents and non -residents with status of natural persons.In countries with foreign exchange control, some are not allowed to hold foreign exchange, and some stipulate that private holdings must be stored in the designated foreign exchange banks, and there are certain restrictions on the use of foreign exchange.In countries that do not implement foreign exchange control, private persons have the right to freely control foreign exchange.
